As observed on the map, the varied ranges of the Appalachian Mountain system geographically dominate the eastern third of Tennessee and include the Bald, Great Smoky, Holston, Stone, Unaka, and Unicoi mountains. Get Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. [90] A strong abolition movement developed in East Tennessee, beginning as early as 1797, and in 1819, Elihu Embree of Jonesborough began publishing the Manumission Intelligencier (later The Emancipator), the nation's first exclusively anti-slavery newspaper. [459] In Nashville, the Vanderbilt Commodores are also members of the SEC. [223] Tennessee is the most biodiverse inland state,[224] the Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the most biodiverse national park,[225][226] and the Duck River is the most biologically diverse waterway in North America. I-26, although technically an eastwest interstate, begins in Kingsport and runs southwardly through Johnson City before exiting into North Carolina. [463], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}36N 86W / 36N 86W / 36; -86 (State of Tennessee), This article is about the U.S. state. The case was intentionally publicized,[143] and highlighted the creationism-evolution controversy among religious groups. [19][20][21] The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to Governor James Glen of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. The next year, the capital was moved to Murfreesboro, where it remained until 1826. The Blue Ridge Mountains along the eastern border reach some of the highest elevations in eastern North America, and the Cumberland Plateau contains many scenic valleys and waterfalls. The most pleasant months of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October. WebTennessee Gov. [77][78], Tennessee reportedly earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" during the War of 1812, when 3,500 Tennesseans answered a recruitment call by the General Assembly for the war effort. These mountains, which average 5,000 feet (1,500m) above sea level in Tennessee, contain some of the highest elevations in eastern North America. [256] In recent years, Tennessee has been a top source of domestic migration, receiving an influx of people relocating from places such as California, the Northeast, and the Midwest due to the low cost of living and booming employment opportunities. These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in state and local politics was markedly reduced. Lee's 2nd term inauguration scheduled for Jan. 21. [3] Tennessee has the most caves in the United States, with more than 10,000 documented. [129][130], Despite New South promoters' efforts, agriculture continued to dominate Tennessee's economy. ", "Yet again, Tennessee combined state, local sales tax rates nation's highest", "McMinnville, Tennessee: Nursery Capital of the World", Economic Impacts of Forestry and Forest Product Industries in Tennessee, "Who makes the most cars in North America? WebTennessee's third-largest city perfectly blends outdoor recreation with urban amenities. [29][30] The Chickasaw remained confined to West Tennessee, and the middle part of the state contained few Native Americans, although both the Cherokee and the Shawnee claimed the region as their hunting ground. [234] The state ranks second in the nation for the diversity of its freshwater fish species. [46] After the French and Indian War, Britain issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which forbade settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to mitigate conflicts with the Natives. It earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" early in its history due to a strong tradition of military service. [202] The Cumberland Trail traverses the eastern escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. [74] During this convention, the name Tennessee was chosen for the new state. Culturally, most of the state is considered part of the Upland South, and the eastern third is part of Appalachia. And climate change has made that a very big deal", "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Analysis", "Minerals and Mining of the Copper Basin", "Mining the Copper Basin in Southeast Tennessee", The Brown Iron Ores of West-Middle Tennessee, "A Detailed Look At How Americans Travel Within The US", "Report: State, East TN counties travel, tourism industries saw record-breaking growth in 2019", 2019 Economic Impact of Travel on Tennessee, "Tourism in Tennessee Shattered Records with $23 Billion in Travel Spending and 126 Million Domestic Person Stays in 2019", "Five TN roads designated as National Scenic Byway or All-American Road", "Study: TVA lakes have nearly $12 billion economic impact to region", "4 Ways to Experience History at the Tennessee State Museum", "Memphis Unmatched for American Music History", "How Did Nashville Become the Hub of Country Music? [181] The northern border was originally defined as 3630 north latitude and the Royal Colonial Boundary of 1665, but due to faulty surveys, begins north of this line in the east, and to the west, gradually veers north before shifting south onto the actual 3630 parallel at the Tennessee River in West Tennessee. The Bulldogs jumped out to a fast start and were clearly motivated after getting shell-shocked by Tennessee a few games ago. [366] The Tennessee Promise was created as part of then-governor Bill Haslam's "Drive to 55" program, which set a goal of increasing the number of college-educated residents to at least 55% of the state's population. [399], Tennessee's highest court is the state Supreme Court. Most of the Blue Ridge area is protected by the Cherokee National Forest, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and several federal wilderness areas and state parks. [259] About 13.6% percent of the population was below the poverty line. The state's well-known contributions to Southern cuisine include Memphis-style barbecue, Nashville hot chicken, and Tennessee whiskey. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry. [205] The Eastern Highland Rim is characterized by relatively level plains dotted by rolling hills, and the Western Highland Rim and western Nashville Basin are covered with uneven rounded knobs with steep ravines separated by meandering streams. [79] Several Tennesseans took part in the Texas Revolution of 183536, including Governor Sam Houston and Congressman and frontiersman Davy Crockett, who was killed at the Battle of the Alamo. [402] Under the Tennessee Plan, the governor appoints justices on all three courts to eight-year terms; they must be retained by the voters during the first general election after appointment and at the end of their term. [15] Tennessee has also played a major role in the development of many forms of popular music, including country, blues, rock and roll, soul, and gospel. [11] Its name derives from "Tanasi", a Cherokee town in the eastern part of the state that existed before the first European American settlement. [108] The Confederates were driven from the city at the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge in November 1863. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. Rapid civilizational development occurred during the Mississippian period, when Indigenous peoples developed organized chiefdoms and constructed numerous ceremonial structures throughout the state. Don't be embarrassed, few get it right", "Tennessee's huge auto industry: 7 things you may not know", "Ford aims to create 5,700 jobs with new factory, battery plant near Memphis", "Nissan to Move U.S. Headquarters to Tennessee", "Mitsubishi North America to move headquarters to Nashville area", "Tennessee home to 9 of world's largest companies", "What are Tennessee's biggest businesses? [418] In a 2020 study, Tennessee ranked 21st on the "Cost of Voting Index", a measure of "the ease of voting across the United States". [145], When the Great Depression struck in 1929, much of Tennessee was severely impoverished even by national standards. [127] Memphis became known as the "Cotton Capital of the World" during the late 19th century, and Nashville, Knoxville, and several smaller cities saw modest industrialization. For the river, see, "Tenn" redirects here. [247] The Office of Management and Budget designates ten metropolitan areas in Tennessee, four of which extend into neighboring states. [260], With the exception of a slump in the 1980s, Tennessee has been one of the fastest-growing states in the nation since 1970, benefiting from the larger Sun Belt phenomenon. [271], Tennessee is included in most definitions of the Bible Belt, and is ranked as one of the nation's most religious states. [225], Forests cover about 52% of Tennessee's land area, with oakhickory the dominant type. [48][49] Most of them were English, but nearly 20% were Scotch-Irish. [280] Unionization has historically been low and continues to decline, as in most of the U.S.[281], Tennessee has a reputation as a low-tax state and is usually ranked as one of the five states with the lowest tax burden on residents. [267] In 2010, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were American (26.5%), English (8.2%), Irish (6.6%), German (5.5%), and Scotch-Irish (2.7%). [329] Tennessee was also a top producer of phosphate until the early 1990s. [22], The first inhabitants of Tennessee were Paleo-Indians who arrived about 12,000 years ago at the end of the Last Glacial Period. During the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from a predominantly agrarian society to a more diversified economy. km, the State of Tennessee is located in the South-Eastern region of the United States. [347] The Tennessee State Museum in Nashville chronicles the state's history and culture. In a northsouth orientation, from west to east, are interstates 55, which serves Memphis; 65, which passes through Nashville; 75, which serves Chattanooga and Knoxville; and 81, which begins east of Knoxville, and serves Bristol to the northeast. [349] Stax Records in Memphis became one of the most important labels for soul artists in the late 1950s and 1960s, and a subgenre known as Memphis soul emerged. [356], Education in Tennessee is administered by the Tennessee Department of Education. [140] On August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the 36th and final state necessary to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave women the right to vote. ", "Archaeology & the Native Peoples of Tennessee", McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture, "Treaties and Land Cessions Involving the Cherokee Nation", "Andrew Johnson and Emancipation in Tennessee", "Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War", "This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee", "The Constitution of the United States Of America Analysis And Interpretation Centennial Edition Interim Edition: Analysis Of Cases Decided By The Supreme Court Of The United States To June 26, 2013s", "Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866", "Yellow fever epidemic changes course of Memphis history in 'Fever Season', "Sergeant York, War Hero, Dies; Killed 25 Germans and Captured 132 in Argonne Battle", "Tennessee Valley Authority created, May 18, 1933", The TVA Transmission System: Facts, Figures and Trends, "The TVA and the Relocation of Mattie Randolph", "Forced Relocations Presented More of an Ordeal than an Opportunity for Norris Reservoir Families", "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr", "Time Looks Back: The Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr", "The last sermon, Memphis, April 3, 1968", "100 Years: Tennessee's Interstate System", "Overton Park's Citizens and Their Successful Battle Against the Highway", "The world came to Knoxville in May 1982", "Sweet Lips and Rest of Tennessee Blow a Kiss", "Shooting the Rapids: How a Small East Tennessee Community Struck Olympic Gold", "States across U.S. still cling to outdated gay marriage bans", "A Lawyer, 40 Dead Americans, and a Billion Gallons of Coal Sludge", "Coal's other dark side: Toxic ash that can poison water, destroy life and toxify people", "TVA to auction 62 parcels in Kingston after ash spill cleanup completed", "Nine things about Tennessee geography that may surprise you", "From Alabama to Wyoming, this is how each state got its shape", "Pieces of the Past: Supreme Court looked at controversy over Bristol border location", "How Georgia got its northern boundary and why we can't get water from the Tennessee River", "Are you prepared for an earthquake? ORNL conducts scientific research in materials science, nuclear physics, energy, high-performance computing, systems biology, and national security, and is the largest national laboratory in the Department of Energy (DOE) system by size. [111] The last major battles in the state came when Army of Tennessee regiments under John Bell Hood invaded Middle Tennessee in the fall of 1864 in an effort to draw Sherman back. Since 1826, Nashville has been the capital of Tennessee. [217] Its principal branches in Tennessee are the Obey, Caney Fork, Stones, Harpeth, and Red rivers. [47] But migration across the mountains continued, and the first permanent European settlers began arriving in northeastern Tennessee in the late 1760s. [459] Tennessee State plays football in Division I's second level, the Football Championship Subdivision, while Belmont and Lipscomb do not have football teams. [424] Not until after passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were African Americans able to regain their full voting rights. "[134][135], Due to increasing racial segregation and poor standards of living, many black Tennesseans fled to industrial cities in the Northeast and Midwest as part of the first wave of the Great Migration between 1915 and 1930. Tennessee Gov. [114] Andrew Johnson declared all slaves in Tennessee free on October 24, 1864. Motivation is the No. [248], Nashville is Tennessee's capital and largest city, with nearly 700,000 residents. [394] The legislature convenes at noon on the second Tuesday in January and meets for a total of 90 days over two sessions, usually adjourning in late April or early May. The exposition was one of the most successful, and the most recent world's fair to be held in the U.S.[166] In 1986, Tennessee held a yearlong celebration of the state's heritage and culture called "Homecoming '86". [146] As part of President Franklin D. 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