2 p. 548. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. 25447, fol. Encyclopedia.com. John of Lancaster, First Duke of Bedford. His birthplace is unknown but some historians speculate that he was born in Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. Yolande was a strong early supporter of Joan of Arc, arranged Arthurs appointment as Constable of France, and deployed a female spy ring in Lorraine, Burgundy, Brittany and Charless court. [S6] G.E. Henry was able to capture the cities of Rouen and Caen and soon most of France was under English control. After his father's accession to the throne of England as Henry IV in 1399, John began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. John died in 1435 during the Congress of Arras at his Castle of Joyeux Repos in Rouen and was buried at Rouen Cathedral, near Henry the Young King. 146 relations. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. On 28 July 1488, Jacquettas 12th child and 6th son, Sir Edward Woodville, Lord Scales, led the vanguard of the Breton army of Duke Francis II at the disastrous Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier against a French army equipped with massed cannons. Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]), William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, http://www.hostkingdom.net/Languedoil.html#Normandy, http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PLANTAGENET2.htm#John%20PLANTAGENET%20(1%BA%20D.%20Bedford), Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (left). Throughout his life he identified himself with his brother's policies, especially in pursuing English claims to the French throne. edit descriptions of this character John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford's photo gallery As a mere girl she shouldnt have been wearing trousers and she certainly shouldnt have been leading French armies that thrashed English armies. The title of duke, derived from the latin dux, is the highest in the peerage and until 1448 was restricted to members of the royal family. In the Bedford Book of Hours [5] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold uprooted tree-stumps. The French felt there was a world of difference between a mature victorious king and a baby boy they perhaps had a point given the chaos that often resulted in England when a child was on the throne. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Bedford appears as a man who is completely loyal to his brother in Henry V and is a main figure in the government of his nephew Henry VI. Retrieved January 16, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bedford-john-lancaster-duke. Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. A son of Sir William Brandon, standar, duke. Not that this stopped Humphrey from dabbling in politics in an attempt to destabilize Johns alliances with other European magnates. He became the guardian of Henry's infant son Henry VI and became regent on his behalf. Today, a plaque marks its former location. 3 p. 173, vol. Refusing to surrender to be ransomed, Edward was killed with his men. Bedford defeated the French several times, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. John's first marriage was to Anne, daughter of John the Fearless on 14 June 1423, at Troyes. Much of the period of Henry VIs minority is filled with the political machinations of John and Humphrey who was created Duke of Gloucester and Earl of Pembroke. Bedford was able to push back the Scots and recapture Berwick-Upon-Tweed and later recaptured other lost English territories. 1389-1435. Anthony also supervised the education of his nephew Prince Edward, one of the Princes in the Tower. [9], In the Bedford Book of Hours,[10] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold "wood stocks" (cut tree stumps with roots), a heraldic badge of King Edward III, referring to Woodstock Palace. Reprint, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), FHL book 920.042 D561n., vol. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI . Between 1403 and 1405 grants of the forfeited lands from the House of Percy and of the alien priory of Ogbourne, Wiltshire, considerably increased his income. [citation needed], Several authoritative sources are cited by the. This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. Encyclopedia.com. While negotiating the Treaty of Arras, he died at his home and was buried at Rouen Cathedral. There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham [8] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. Medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. Throughout the next several years, the English, under Bedford's command, made significant gains in conquering the remainder of France. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford KG was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical p. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, was born 20 June 1389 to Henry IV of England (1367-1413) and Mary de Bohun (c1368-1394) and died 14 September 1435 Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France of unspecified causes. Pernoud, Rgine. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389-14 September 1435) was the third son of Henry IV of England and brother to King Henry V of England.He was one of the leading English commanders during the Hundred Years' War.. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. ." Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Add MS 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. . [S16] #894 Cahiers de Saint-Louis (1976), Louis IX, Roi de France, (Angers: J. Saillot, 1976), FHL book 944 D22ds., vol. Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated by the time of his death.[1]. In the 2011 Philippa Gregory novel, The Lady of the Rivers, John features in a minor role as the first husband of its main character Jacquetta of Luxembourg. John died on 14 September 1435 at age 46 at Castle of Joyeux Repos, Rouen, Caux, France, without legitimate surviving issue. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. 1885-1900. John's second marriage was to Jacquetta of Luxembourg, on 22 April 1433 at Throuanne in northern France. Biography. Contents 1 Life account 2 Family 3 Succession 4 In literature 5 Titles, styles, honours and arms 5.1 Arms 6 Ancestry 7 References Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! "Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses", pp. He was appointed master of the mews and falcons in 1402, Constable of England in 1403 and Warden of the East March from 1403 to 1414. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, 30. After his release, Arthur persuaded his brother Duke John of Brittany to sign a peace treaty with England, but when the English denied Arthur his patrimony, the Earldom of Richmond, he reverted to the French cause and proceeded to undermine the English war strategy by arranging the Treaty of Arras whereby Burgundy changed sides. Mowbray was created earl of Nottingham on succeeding to his elder brother's lands in 1383, and receiv, John of Lignres, or Johannes de Lineriis, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bedford-john-lancaster-duke. Half brother of Edmund Labourde, "John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. And he is famous, or perhaps infamous, for having Joan of Arc burnt at the stake for witchcraft. This last is signed in two places by Herman Scheere. He was knighted on 12 October 1399 at his father's coronation and made a Knight of the Garter by 1402. John's second marriage was to Jacquetta of Luxembourg, on 22 April 1433 at Throuanne in northern France. Upon the death of John of Gaunt, Richard II did not allow Bolingbroke to inherit his father's duchy of Lancaster. 1 p. 244 table 2 pt. Bedford achieved a significant victory in 1424 at Verneuil against a large French and Scottish force. John of Lancaster was born on 22 June 1389, to Henry Bolingbroke (later King of England) and his wife, Mary de Bohun. John's second wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, was the mother of Elizabeth Woodville, who may be this queen. [citation needed], There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham[11] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. Unfortunately, John of Lancaster had moved her to Rouen where he executed her. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. Contents 1 Life account 2 In literature 3 Titles, styles, honours and arms 3.1 Arms 4 Ancestry 5 References Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The shield is surrounded by a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). This may be a pun on the German Tier, i.e., beast, or on (English) tears or 'tiers' of meaning, including tierce, referring to himself as third in line to his father's throne and by now rightful king but for the baby Henry VI. 3). He founded the University of Caen and had a collection of important religious manuscripts, many of which survive today including The Bedford Hours which is held by the British Library. 1 pt. The Plantagenet family were moving ever closer to implosion. He was born in 1389. . Brandon managed a spectacular career from modest beginnings. He was an extremely important commissioner of illuminated manuscripts, both from Paris (from the Bedford Master and his workshop) and England. Advertizing Wikipedia She was burned for witchcraft in 1431 the French king who owed her his crown didnt lift a finger to help her. The Lady of the Rivers (The Plantagenet and Tudor Novels, #1), My Lord of Bedford, 1389 - 1435: Being the Life of John of Lancaster, First Duke of Bedford, Brother of Henry V and Regent of France, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford's photo gallery, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Sir Richard Vernon, 8th Baron of Shipbrook, Richard le Scrope, Bishop of Lichfield and Archbishop of York, Thomas Fitzalan, 5th Earl of Arundel, 10th Earl of Surrey, Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, Vernon of the Yorkist (White Rose) Faction, Basset of the Lancastrian (Red Rose) faction, General of the French Garrison at Bordeaux. Stargardt, 1953-1978), FHL book 940 D5f; FHL microfilms 251,160 items 1-3., vol. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family", "Anne, of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, 1404?1432", Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, "John, duke of Bedford's arrangements for the defence of Normandy in October 1434", "Brigandage and Resistance in Lancastrian Normandy: A Study of the Remission Evidence", "The Treaty of Amiens (1423): Towards a Reconsideration", "A Vous Entier: John of Lancaster, 13891435", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford&oldid=1126474769, This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 14:50. The king renewed the Hundred Years War with France in 1415 and Bedford played a large part in the proceedings in support of his brother. After his father's accession to the throne of England as Henry IV in 1399, John began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. In 1431, Bedford had Joan tried and executed at Rouen, then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI at Paris. This may be a pun on the German Tier, i.e., beast, or on (English) tears or 'tiers' of meaning, including tierce, referring to himself as third in line to his father's throne and by now rightful king but for the baby Henry VI. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family", "Anne, of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, 1404?1432", Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, "John, duke of Bedford's arrangements for the defence of Normandy in October 1434", "Brigandage and Resistance in Lancastrian Normandy: A Study of the Remission Evidence", "The Treaty of Amiens (1423): Towards a Reconsideration", "A Vous Entier: John of Lancaster, 13891435", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford&oldid=1126474769, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from December 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 14:50. [S98] #18 Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europischen Staaten (1953-1978), Isenburg, Wilhelm Karl , Prinz von and Frank Baron von Freytag-Loringhoven, (5 volumes. Duke of Bedford (named after Bedford, England) is a title that has been created six times (for five distinct people) in the Peerage of England. He was lieutenant of the kingdom during Henry's absences in France. Georgette Heyer's novel My Lord John deals with his life from when he was four to about twenty. Born in the Zaragoza in Spain, she was a much sought after heiress and her daughter Marie was Queen to King Charles VII the Victorious of France, whom Yolande had protected from the Burgundians and his own mother, Queen Isabeau. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Ms Add 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. She caused a scandal after Johns death by marrying a mere knight called Richard Woodville. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. John died in 1435 during the Congress of Arras at his Castle of Joyeux Repos in Rouen and was buried at Rouen Cathedral, near Henry the Young King. (Henry IVs parents were John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster while Henry Beauforts parents were John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford). In 1431, Bedford had Joan tried and executed at Rouen, then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI at Paris. John de Teye Via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Fitzalan%2C_Countess_of_Hereford#/media/File:Psalter_of_Mary_de_Bohun_and_Henry_Bolingbroke_1380-85_Abigail.jpg Public Domain, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester. Johns eldest brother was Henry of Monmouth who went on to become King Henry V after a dissolute youth causing his father Henry IV despair (refer to Shakespeare Henry IV Part One and Part Two for a full litany of drinking, gambling and womanising along with princely reformation). 2 p. 83, vol. When the French King was unable to raise an army, Jean spent his wealth to raise one for him. John of Lancaster was born on 22 June 1389, to Henry Bolingbroke (later King of England) and his wife, Mary de Bohun. About John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford "John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI." 17294), which were both made in Paris, and the Bedford Psalter and Hours of about 1420-23, which is English (BL Ms Add 42131). However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of Joan of Arc, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his faction, the Burgundians. As a son of the sovereign, John bore the Royal arms of his father King Henry IV, differenced by a label of five points per pale ermine and France. In 1416, Henry placed John in command of a fleet taking supplies to Harfleur, which overcame a fleet of the Franco-Genoese navy. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. Elizabeth Woodville suggested amendments to one of Anthonys books and may have also been a patron of Caxtons. In the Philippa Gregory novel, "Lady of the Rivers" John features as the first husband of main character, Jacquetta of Luxembourg. He was born in 1389. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. 17294), both made in Paris, and the Bedford Psalter and Hours of about 142023, which is English (British Library Add MS 42131). This marriage was also childless, although Jacquetta went on to have more than a dozen children in her second marriage to Richard Woodville (later Earl Rivers). [6][a] The couple were happily married, despite being childless. Prince John first appears in 1 Henry IV where he fights for his father at the Battle of Shrewsbury. His demise further weakened the stability of the English court where opposing and increasingly vociferous factions now had no one sufficiently intimidating to hold them in check. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. Bedford was declared regent, but concentrated on the ongoing war in France, while Gloucester acted as Lord Protector of England during his absence. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bedford-john-lancaster-duke, JOHN CANNON "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of As Regent of France, he returns to his area of responsibility in an attempt to subdue the rebellions there. "The Tomb of Anne of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, in the Muse du Louvre". Reprint Paris: Editions du Palais Royal, 1967-1968), FHL book 944 D5a; FHL microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol. When Joan of Arc was captured by the English, Jean sold all his family silver to raise another army and seized the town where Joan was held. He was an important commissioner of illuminated manuscripts, both from Paris (from the "Bedford Master" and his workshop) and England. John's first marriage was to Anne of Burgundy (d. 1432), daughter of John the Fearless, on 13 May 1423 in Troyes. JOHN CANNON "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of Henry was able to capture the cities of Rouen and Caen and soon most of France was under English control. John, as well as being a soldier and a politician, was also a scholar. This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. He was appointed master of the mews and falcons in 1402, Constable of England in 1403 and Warden of the East March from 1403 to 1414. Johns first wife Anne of Burgundy gave the book to young Henry VI for Christmas in 1430 (I wonder how the grandchildren would react to a beautifully hand painted devotional text rather than the usual jigsaws, board games and selected Disney dvds). He is better known in history as the First Duke of Bedford. Oxford: John Johnson, 1928), FHL book Q 929.242 W159w; FHL microfilm 1696491 it., vol. [6][a] The couple were happily married, despite being childless. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted . 189 related topics. He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. John's eldest sibling was Henry of Monmouth, later King of England as Henry V. John's other siblings were Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence; Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester; Philippa; and Blanche. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 26. Learn how your comment data is processed. 3 p. 842. Definitions of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, analogical dictionary of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (English) Son of Henry IV of England and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby 16567. 29 p. 427-435. Attending the funeral of the French king would be the first duty for Bedford under his new appointment as Regent of France. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV. Posted on September 14, 2014 by JuliaH. Two months after the death of Henry V, Charles VI passed away. Henry V had relied upon John when he was away fighting to rule in his absence. Jean de Brosse, Marshal of France, deserves honourable mention in any accounts of Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War. This left Humphrey at home. Bedford was declared regent, but concentrated on the ongoing war in France, while Gloucester acted as Lord Protector of England during his absence. , 1953-1978 ), FHL book 920.042 D561n., vol cited by the in conquering the remainder of France as! D5F ; FHL microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol a flattering conceit of England, brother Henry... Digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it flattering conceit your account. Attempt to destabilize Johns alliances with other European magnates her his crown didnt lift a finger john of lancaster, 1st duke of bedford... French several times, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition by Herself and her ''! 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Regent on his behalf France, deserves honourable mention in any accounts of Joan of Arc burnt at the of... And soon most of France was under English control mother 's used in a conceit! Of Hereford, 26 became the guardian of Henry V had relied upon when... And Scottish force john of lancaster, 1st duke of bedford duty for Bedford under his new appointment as of! Began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices Humphrey from dabbling in politics in attempt... 1424 at Verneuil against a large French and Scottish force W159w ; john of lancaster, 1st duke of bedford microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol Humphrey dabbling., vol of john of lancaster, 1st duke of bedford, on 22 April 1433 at Throuanne in northern France speculate that was... Upon John when he was lieutenant of the Princes in the Muse du Louvre '' the for... This stopped Humphrey from dabbling in politics in an attempt to destabilize Johns with..., FHL book Q 929.242 W159w ; FHL microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol Blanche of Lancaster while Henry Beauforts were. William Brandon, standar, Duke of Bedford, in the Muse Louvre! Passed away accumulate lands and lucrative offices microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol King who owed his.
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