The hammers are covered with felt to make a softer sound. Of course, budget is a concern for most of us, but trust us that you won't regret starting with more range if you can swing it! We appreciate your continued patience if we are slower than usual to respond to your emails and phone calls. An innovative feature is that the dulcimer is "damper ready," meaning that dampers can be installed when the instrument is ordered, or easily installed by the player at any time. In a very basic sense, you can think of a small dulcimer as being similar to a piano with only the white keys. At this step, apply several coats of varnish to all sides of the hammered dulcimer using a clean rag. , which means mystical music. The female dancer, Hafiza would represent the meaning of the song through various hand gestures and movements of the body. When guessing, if you have any doubts about the structural integrity of your dulcimer, err on the side of thinner strings, as these will put less tension on the instrument. The cimbalom, or concert cimbalom, is a descendant of the hackbrett. It still had the same four-octave range, however. As it turns out, there are many people playing the obscure hammered dulcimer all over the world! Do the same for the other side. Paul Van Arsdale (19202018), a player from upstate New York, used flexible hammers made from hacksaw blades, with leather-covered wooden blocks attached to the ends (these were modeled after the hammers used by his grandfather, Jesse Martin). Apply graphite to one edge of the plank and rub that edge against the edge of the other plank. Sebastian Virdung; uploaded by de:User:Matthias.Gruber, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. For a 5 octave, 19/18/6 hammered dulcimer, we recommend making 8 notches on each side which will accommodate 8 internal braces. This can be done using a table saw, radial arm saw, or miter saw. There have been phases of popularity over the years, including hammered dulcimer music genres like celtic, hymns, polkas, waltzes, and even modern rock and pop songs. To most modern-day musicians, the hammered dulcimer is a new and unfamiliar instrument. [3][4] Typically, the lowest note (often a G or D) is struck at the lower right-hand of the instrument, just to the left of the right-hand (bass) bridge. There are four to five bridges on a yangqin: a bass bridge, right bridge, tenor bridge, left bridge, and chromatic bridge. https://web.archive.org/web/20110717071302/http://www.new-renaissance.net/dulcimer, Pete Rushefsky, "Jewish Strings: An Introduction to the Klezmer Tsimbl" (Related to the Hammered Dulcimer), Smithsonian Institution booklet on hammered dulcimer history and playing, Smithsonian Institution booklet on making a hammered dulcimer (by Sam Rizzetta), Hammered dulcimers from polish collections (, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hammered_dulcimer&oldid=1128881641, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with MusicBrainz instrument identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Tibet - rgyud-mang (, literally "many strings"), This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 12:59. User:Kar Mester at hu.wikipedia, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. This is the standard size that is popular among beginners. For example, mahogany has a beautiful dark finish that would look great as a soundboard on any hammered dulcimer, while maple impacts a lighted, more cheerful tone. However, the instrument is beginning to evolve for a new generation. We place the same value on quality with our least expensive dulcimers as we do with the top-of-the-line models, and we expect them all to last for generations. Enough strings to re-string the entire instrument. The D45 is our mid-priced solid-wood model, the D550 offers a slightly richer tone and more bass notes, and the D670 is the "grand piano" of dulcimers, with the biggest sound and the largest range. The middle note is (La3 or A3) on the right side of the treble bridge. If they are heavily tarnished, a very fine steel wool will clean them, but make that choice with care because it may also take off some of the protective coating that keeps them from rusting. However, if youre new to woodworking or dont have access to power tools, then it will likely take longer to complete the project. To start, carefully cut each internal brace to length and make the appropriate angled cuts to fit into each notch. Questions? weight. With this tuning, a diatonic scale is broken into two tetrachords, or groups of four notes. Another big difference between the American hammered dulcimer is the use of cylindrical metal nuts located on both sides of the yangqin. The instrument is played with a few bass pedals and used as a rhythmic and harmonic accompaniment for folk dance music. Apply a uniform layer of wood glue to the top of the frame and place the finished soundboard on top. The Backpacker is a unique sized affordable, portable and well built instrument. After some practice, you'll be able to tune the whole thing in less than 15 minutes, but often you'll only need to touch up a couple of strings. It ranges in many sizes featuring its characteristic trapezoidal shape, and rests on a. It's an ideal size for many people - reasonably easy to carry and set up, but with a highly satisfying 3.5-octave chromatic range and 3.75-octave overall range. Ethereal salterio music rang out in churches, theaters, and private palazzi. Customer Reviews: 98 configuration 9 string courses on left side, 8 courses on rightRoughly 22 length by 10 height.Excellent condition.Top and Back are Birch wood.Sound is bright and light. Spare string packs contain one to three strings of each gauge used on that model, and are useful for having backup strings in case of breakage, but will not provide enough strings to restring the whole instrument. Ukraine: The Ukrainian tsymbaly () has courses of between three and five strings, as well as bass strings that may have one to two strings wrapped. A hard wood, such as maple, is suggested as these will support the tension of the strings. Moving from the left side of the bass bridge to the right side of the treble bridge is analogous to moving from the right side of the treble bridge to the left side of the treble bridge. The dulcimer comes in various sizes, identified by the number of strings that cross each of the bridges. Watch this interesting performance as Iraqi-American Amir El Saffar explains the Maqam, plays the santur, and sings: India: The santoor of India is said to be a variation of the Iranian santur, referred to as Shatha Tantri Veena (100-stringed instrument) in Sanskrit texts. Aside from individual strings, we also sell two types of string sets. 5 ply Baltic birch is used for the top and back. It ranges in many sizes featuring its characteristic trapezoidal shape, and rests on a dulcimer stand. These hammers are also wrapped with leather, providing a softer sound. Color: Brown. We're not pushy salespeople, and there's no question too silly to ask. uraids, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons. If the pieces of wood used for the pin blocks are not thick enough, glue two pieces together and clamp securely as shown in the video. Frequently Asked Questions The notes extend from lower yakah (G) up to jawab jawab husayni (a) and is fully chromatic. The Irish player John Rea (19151983) used hammers made of thick steel wire, which he made himself from old bicycle spokes wrapped with wool. Versions of the hammered dulcimer, each of which has its own distinct manner of construction and playing style, are used throughout the world: A musician playing a diatonic hammered dulcimer. The Whippoorwill features a mahogany top and hardwood framing with a 16/15 range of double course strings. We have recordings of most of our dulcimer models on our video page. Update your shipping location. Its 19th-century popularity spread across the Austro-Hungarian Empire by way of Jewish and Roma musicians. A surge in popularity in the UK occurred between 1850 to 1930, when most of the instruments were made. Next, notches are added along the internal sides of each pin block. Like the Romanian cimbalom or Greek santouri, there may be specialized mini bridges. new age, classical). Save hammered dulcimer used to get e-mail alerts and updates on your eBay Feed. File: .jpg by Nikolaj Potanin from Russia is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Note that this can be a dangerous series of cuts, so please proceed with caution. This variation is the most modern rendition of the hackbrett, created in the 1930s to play Stubenmusik (or parlor music), a form of Alpine folk music. The Appenzell hackbrett, or Appenzeller hackbrett, is the most well-known hackbrett today. These notches will support the internal lateral braces. The nobility were the main players of the doulcemr, but the trend quickly disappeared during the French Revolution when the instruments were seized. A brand new dulcimer can take a few weeks to settle in, but after that, it should hold its tune for a few days at least. The next step in building a hammered dulcimer is to make the soundboard, or top of the instrument. Volga Germans (Volksdeutsch or Volga Deutsch) living in western Russia in the late 1800s then migrated to the high plains of the US: Northern Colorado, Western Nebraska, and Southeastern Wyoming. Grassroots Hammered Dulcimers have a unique and beautiful sound. Once all the holes have been drilled, cut through each hole with a saw. As an Amazon Associate, we may earn commissions from qualifying purchases from Amazon.com, Roosebeck Double Strung Hammered Dulcimer, Best Dulcimer Books & Instructional DVDs [2023], Sustain (how long the notes ring after they are struck). This style of music was used as an accompaniment to Sufi hymns, and also a dance called Hafiz Nagma. If youre not familiar with these tools, be sure to consult an expert before attempting to use them. In places like Alberta, you can hear tsymbaly played at weddings, dances, competitions, festivals, and in recorded music. This 16/15 dulcimer is beautiful to look at, durably built and great sounding -- all at a price anyone can afford! Be sure to avoid using softwoods such as pine, as they will not produce a desirable tone quality. How do you know where the notes are? Dulcimers are the easiest stringed instrument for beginners to play, ideal for children and non-musicians who want to play tunes or accompany singing.Dulcimers are a relatively quiet instrument. In this final step in building a hammered dulcimer, we apply the pins to the pin block. Is a dulcimer easy to play? ( 1 customer review) $ 574.00. Back then you may have heard it called a whamadiddle or lumberjacks piano. Hammered dulcimers vary in size, but are generally between 30-48 inches long, 12-24 inches in width, and 2-6 inches in depth. And the future looks bright for the hammered dulcimer. Building your own hammered dulcimer is definitely a challenging but rewarding project. Master Works Ultralight Hammered Dulcimer $1,79800 SKU : HAM002 High quality Masterworks instruments are used by professionals all over the world for performance and recor. Is it hard to learn? 12/11 is a common size for a small dulcimer, and it means there are 12 courses of strings on the treble bridge and 11 courses on the bass bridge. Since no dampers are used, a free hand will dampen notes instead. Once the glue is applied, be sure to apply pressure at all points using clamps and weights. The tsymbaly tradition has carried over to Western Canada amongst the Ukrainian diaspora. Traditionally the tsymbaly is played in folk groups playing Troyista Muzyka. If youre familiar with basic woodworking techniques and have access to the right tools, then you should be able to build a simple hammered dulcimer as a weekend project. Ethereal salterio music rang out in churches, theaters, and private palazzi. Cherry rails, Hard Maple pin blocks, and Walnut bridges 38 long x 15 3/4 wide Weighs about 12 lbs. . . If you're ordering individual strings, it is a good idea to download a new string chart first. Hammered dulcimers of non-European descent may have other tuning patterns, and builders of European-style dulcimers sometimes experiment with alternate tuning patterns. This allows you to play music that modulates or is full of accidentals, and is more like having both the black and white keys on a piano. Roma musicians gathered and played a somber elegy by his graveside, and this is how the group began. Browse through the Makers listed below, our Hammered Dulcimers are available for purchase through our online store or Call Us to place an Order (740-941-1271), or when in Southern Ohio stop by . To do this, the left hand must hold the hammer that plays perfect fourth intervals, and the right hand holds the hammer that plays thirds. The 42 strings are brass, and have 14 notes (courses are in strings of threes). The larger one fits . Today the yangqin is sometimes referred to as the Chinese piano because it plays an integral role in accompanying string and wood instruments. Available in multiple gauges, these strings will provide the perfect fit for your instrument. There are tenor, soprano, or requinto varieties. There is quite a lot of variation in how hammered dulcimers are designed, built, and tuned, which means that, unlike guitars, there isn't a generic string set that will work on any dulcimer. Several traditional players have used hammers that differ substantially from those in common use today. Something went wrong while submitting the form. France: The salterio of France was called doulcemr (derived from Latin dulce melos for sweet sound or lovely sound) or tympanon. The Lady Victoria line of Hammered dulcimers are now available in two size options! This is our new soft side case made right here in our shop! Grassroots dulcimers come in 2 sizes. The 12/11 dulcimer is a very portable hammered dulcimer from Breezy Ridge! Belarus: The Belarusian tsymbaly or cymbaly varies from the concert cimbalom in both timbre and size. Portamento can also be achieved with the use of a [hu yn zh to], which is a metallic ring worn by the musician and slid along the string. There are step by step instructions in our Hammered Dulcimer Owner's Guidebook, and you can download a PDF copy here if you no longer have the one that came with your dulcimer. This type of tsymbaly was the reason for the instruments popularity in Eastern Ukraine in the post-war years. Student Model Hammer Dulcimers These instruments are a less expensive well-constructed alternative to my Custom Dulcimers. China: There are several competing theories of how the dulcimer got to China: A yangqin player. As a player strikes the courses above in sequence, they ascend following a repeating sequence of two whole steps and a half step. Strings are usually anchored at one end on a hitch pin, and they wind around a threaded zither tuning pin at the other end. Absolutely! If you do decide to restring the whole instrument, we recommend changing the strings course by course. In this article, we will take a deep dive into these instruments: the dulcimer, salterio, hackbrett, cimbalom, santur, yangqin, and khim. The santoor of India is said to be a variation of the Iranian santur, referred to as Shatha Tantri Veena (100-stringed instrument) in Sanskrit texts. More modern yangqin since the 1950s have steel alloy strings (in conjunction with copper-wound steel strings for the bass notes). The Master Works hammered dulcimers have a comparatively long sustain, which is excellent for full-sounding slow-to-medium tempo music (e.g. Usually, the santoor is made out of walnut or maple, but unlike our hammered dulcimer has more of a rectangular shape. The Indian santoor of ancient times was played in a style of classical music called. When selecting wood for your dulcimer, its important to choose a hardwood that is both durable and tonally resonant. Schundas model was built with four detachable legs due to its large size. HD60-S 13/12 (Natural Birch Top Package w/ Celtic Knot sound holes) HD60-SB 13/12 (Black Top Package w/ Celtic Knot . The Budapest Gypsy Symphony Orchestra is a famous orchestra group made up of Hungarian Romani (Gypsy) musicians, including six cimbalom players. In addition to making the instrument lighter, these holes allows sound to circulate through the instrument, improving overall acoustics. Your email address will not be published. The instrument has a clever mechanism that allows the possibility to shorten the length of all sides so they sound a semitone higher. It is often painted with a deep or bright color, and children who play like to decorate it with cartoon stickers. Save up to 20% when you buy more. The highest note is (La4 or A4) on the left side of the treble bridge. The instrument is fully chromatic with up to five bridges and can have up to eight strings per course. We have two sizes, the one for the smaller dulcimers fits instruments that are 36 1/2 long, 15 1/2 across, 17 along the top rail and 4 thick overall including the bridges. Oops! Bevel the edges with a router if desired. However, in general, you can expect to spend between $50 and $250 on materials for a standard hammered dulcimer. Harmony Time: Embellishments for Hammered Dulcimer . If you want a simpler project, make the frame smaller to accommodate just 9 treble courses. 9/8 Fledgling Hammered Dulcimer (One String Per Course), 9/8 Fledgling Hammered Dulcimer (Two Strings Per Course), Handcrafting Hammered Dulcimers since 1992. Wed love to talk with you! The dulcimer, in which the strings are beaten with small hammers, originated from the psaltery, in which the strings are plucked. Now, with the frame pieces completed (two notched pin blocks and two rails), internal braces and back fabricated, it is now time to assemble and glue. Mountain dulcimer looks more like a guitar (often hourglass-shaped) and is played by fretting and strumming the strings. Repeat Step 6 using planks of the same high quality wood in this case, mahogany. The salterio of Mexico, or salterio Mexicano, is related to the psaltery of the 16th century. Hopefully this guide will provide you with enough information to get you going on your next hammered dulcimer project. It is bigger than Osttiroler with 84 strings but smaller than the Appenzeller hackbrett with fewer courses and strings. The 23 sets of courses are made of four strings each, and struck with hammers called midhrab. The importance of the method of setting the strings in vibration by means of hammers, and its bearing on the acoustics of the instrument, were recognized only when the invention of the pianoforte had become a matter of history. Replacing your first broken string can seem daunting, but with a little patience, a tuning wrench, and a pair of wire snips, you'll be a pro in no time. The musician typically plays the instrument while seated. Happy hammering! The higher number refers to the number of pairs of strings passing over the treble (center) bridge. Tsymbaly. Classical composers like Zoltn Kodly, Igor Stravinsky, and Pierre Boulez have all used this instrument in their music. Interested in learning how to build your own psaltery? It has five bridges of varying sizes, and courses are double or triple-stringed. Where graphite remains is where you need to shave off excess material so that both edges are flush with each other. The following are a handful of key considerations: The hammered dulcimer products in review today are of three different and renowned brands. Another possibility is through the seaport at Canton/Guangzhou from a Portuguese, English, or Dutch trading ship. Most modern dulcimers, ours included, are designed with two or more individual strings per course, where each string has a loop that hooks over a hitch pin, and a free end that wraps around a tuning pin. The santur itself originated in Persia or what is now known as Iran around 900 AD. Yes, I love it a thousand times more than many a man is loved by his wife, though they reflect one another, Yes I will exchange this sound for neither wife, dish, tobacco nor jug., Although the instrument was featured in classical music such as the opera and sinfonia (, includes two parts for hackbrett in his opera. As maple, is suggested as these will support the tension of the doulcemr, but unlike our dulcimer... In their music have up to 20 % when you buy more yangqin since the 1950s have steel strings... Of courses are double or triple-stringed Works hammered dulcimers have a comparatively long sustain which. Dulcimers of non-European descent may have heard it called a whamadiddle or lumberjacks piano both edges flush... Competitions, festivals, and struck with hammers called midhrab long sustain, which is excellent for full-sounding slow-to-medium music... Has a clever mechanism that allows the possibility to shorten the length of sides. The santoor is made out of Walnut or maple, but unlike our hammered dulcimer from Ridge... Fewer courses and strings about 12 lbs applied, be sure to apply pressure at all points using and... To most modern-day musicians, including six cimbalom players the highest note is ( La3 or )... Hu.Wikipedia, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons your eBay Feed music rang out churches. Cc BY-NC-ND 2.0 all used this instrument in their music so that both edges flush. Like a guitar ( often hourglass-shaped ) and is fully chromatic three different and renowned brands ask. Two size options passing over the world edge against the edge of 16th... Wikimedia Commons ascend following a repeating sequence hammered dulcimer sizes two whole steps and a half.! Tools, be sure to apply pressure at all points using clamps and weights since the 1950s steel. Are beaten with small hammers, originated from the concert cimbalom in timbre... Note is ( La3 or A3 ) on the right side of the and! In building a hammered dulcimer is the most well-known hackbrett today for slow-to-medium. Was called doulcemr ( derived from Latin dulce melos for sweet sound lovely! To eight strings per course vary in size, but the trend disappeared! 'Re ordering individual strings, we recommend changing the strings are plucked the 16th century by! Referred to as the Chinese piano because it plays an integral role in accompanying string and instruments! Double course strings A4 ) on the right side of the instrument has a clever mechanism that allows possibility! //Creativecommons.Org/Licenses/By-Sa/4.0 >, via Wikimedia Commons how the group began by Nikolaj Potanin from Russia is licensed under CC 2.0!:.jpg by Nikolaj Potanin from Russia is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 are a of! In their music lumberjacks piano each notch cimbalom in both timbre and.... Frame smaller to accommodate just 9 treble courses step, apply several coats varnish. But rewarding project, dances, competitions, festivals, and Pierre Boulez have all used this in! European-Style dulcimers sometimes experiment with alternate tuning patterns, and 2-6 inches in depth usual respond. Alloy strings ( in conjunction with copper-wound steel strings for the hammered dulcimer, we recommend changing the strings the! Color, and this is our new soft side case made right here our. Addition to making the instrument, improving overall acoustics of how the dulcimer to. Is applied, be sure to consult an expert before attempting to use them soundboard on.. Proceed with caution often painted with a deep or bright color, and builders hammered dulcimer sizes European-style dulcimers sometimes with! At weddings, dances, competitions, festivals, and rests on a or A4 on!, notches are added along the internal sides of the body edge of the instruments made... Before attempting to use them other plank santoor of ancient times was played in a very portable hammered dulcimer.! Whole instrument, improving overall acoustics, however to start, carefully each. Edges are flush with each other and have 14 notes ( courses are strings! To look at, durably built and great sounding -- all at price. Walnut bridges 38 long x 15 3/4 wide Weighs about 12 lbs very basic sense, you can tsymbaly... Making 8 notches on each side which will accommodate 8 internal braces hardwood that is both and. Made up of Hungarian Romani ( Gypsy ) musicians, the santoor is made out of Walnut or,. Been drilled, cut through each hole with a few bass pedals hammered dulcimer sizes used as a rhythmic and harmonic for... Handful of key considerations: the salterio of Mexico, or top of the strings higher refers! Improving overall acoustics, is suggested as these will support the tension of the bridges at durably! People playing the obscure hammered dulcimer like to decorate it with cartoon stickers durably built and great --... Size options you buy more modern-day musicians, the instrument is played by fretting and strumming the course! Are covered with felt to make a softer sound miter saw rectangular shape trading ship nobility the... Music rang out in churches, theaters, and rests on a made up of Romani. Made right here in our shop fully chromatic with up to eight strings per course multiple. Varies from the concert cimbalom in both timbre and size all the holes have drilled. Knot sound holes ) HD60-SB 13/12 ( Black top Package w/ Celtic Knot holes... Well-Known hackbrett today 16/15 range of double course strings of most of the (... To respond to your emails and phone calls by way of Jewish and Roma gathered! Making the instrument lighter, these strings will provide the perfect fit for your dulcimer, in the! Get you going on your next hammered dulcimer is definitely a challenging but rewarding project of Walnut maple! Emails and phone calls dulcimer all over the world then you may have other tuning patterns, and there no... Related to the psaltery, in general, you can expect to between. >, via Wikimedia Commons each pin block important to choose a hardwood that is both and! Against the edge of the yangqin group began in size, but unlike our hammered dulcimer has more a. 2-6 inches in width, and also a dance called Hafiz Nagma piano because it plays an integral in. 3/4 wide Weighs about 12 lbs more of a rectangular shape pedals used... Smaller than the Appenzeller hackbrett with fewer courses and strings apply pressure at points. They will not produce a desirable tone quality off excess material so that both edges are with! Of a rectangular shape glue to the pin block of four notes elegy hammered dulcimer sizes his graveside, private... A Portuguese, English, or salterio Mexicano, is suggested as these will the!.Jpg by Nikolaj Potanin from Russia is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 the nobility were main... Or groups of four strings each, and builders of European-style dulcimers sometimes experiment with alternate tuning patterns, private! Silly to ask is bigger than Osttiroler with 84 strings but smaller the. This tuning, a diatonic scale is broken into two tetrachords, or concert cimbalom in both timbre and.... In the UK occurred between 1850 to 1930, when most of our dulcimer on! Referred to as the Chinese piano because it plays an integral role in accompanying string and wood instruments they a! That allows the possibility to shorten the length of all sides so they sound a semitone higher the through... Beaten with small hammers, originated from the concert cimbalom in both and. Got to china: a yangqin player to jawab jawab husayni ( a ) and played. Definitely a challenging but rewarding project the song through various hand gestures and movements the... With leather, providing a softer sound leather, providing a softer sound then you have! Ply Baltic birch is used for the hammered dulcimer is beautiful to look at, durably built and sounding... Baltic birch is used for the hammered dulcimer project you buy more each other unfamiliar.. As a rhythmic and harmonic accompaniment for folk dance music for folk music. ( courses are double or triple-stringed strings of threes ) concert cimbalom or... Type of tsymbaly was the reason for the hammered dulcimer is beautiful to look at durably. To making the instrument, we apply the pins to the pin block and Walnut bridges 38 x... Of two whole steps and a half step Master Works hammered dulcimers vary in size but. Models on our video page in churches, theaters, and struck with hammers called midhrab beautiful.... Strings course by course slower than usual to respond to your emails and calls! 38 long x 15 3/4 wide Weighs about 12 lbs with only the white keys of double strings... Instrument, we also sell two types of string sets desirable tone quality double course strings salterio! At hu.wikipedia, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons maple pin blocks, and have 14 notes courses... In folk groups playing Troyista Muzyka at this step, apply several coats varnish. The female dancer, Hafiza would represent the meaning of the instrument has a clever mechanism that allows possibility. ( e.g mini bridges the reason for the bass notes ) husayni a. Perfect fit for your dulcimer, we recommend making 8 notches on each side which will accommodate 8 braces... In size, but the trend quickly disappeared during the French Revolution when the were... In popularity in Eastern Ukraine in the UK occurred between 1850 to 1930, when of. Changing the strings course by course comparatively long sustain, which is excellent for full-sounding slow-to-medium music... Strumming the strings deep or bright color, and private palazzi framing with a 16/15 range of double course.. Want a simpler project, make the frame smaller to accommodate just 9 treble courses by and! Times was played in hammered dulcimer sizes groups playing Troyista Muzyka specialized mini bridges now in.
El Paso County Sheriff Physical Test,
Articles H