Worldhistory.us - For those who want to understand the History, not just to read it. The actions of Hamilcar, and his immunity to defeat, plus the stalemate at the siege of Lilybaeum caused the Romans to start building a fleet in 243 BC to seek a decision at sea. Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). But the rebels would sally out from their camp at Tunis and approach the city walls to cause terror inside the city. The soldiers refused to accept Hamilcar as an arbitrator, angered by his refusal to accompany his army from Sicily and retiring to Carthage as soon as the treaty with Rome was formalized, and although Carthage at this point conceded to all their demands, things soon boiled over and started the conflict known as the Mercenary War. Roman Beach AttackThe Creative Assembly (Copyright). The Encyclopedia of Military Biography; Trevor N. Dupuy and others; 1995. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Hamilcar exited the valley and, after a hard-fought battle, defeated the army of Spendius. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247BC to 241BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Hamilcar obtained permission from the Carthaginian Senate for recruiting and training a new army, with the immediate goal of securing the African domain of Carthage. Had Hamilcar suffered a decisive defeat, casualties and prisoners would have diminished their numbers and Carthage would have had an excuse not to pay anything. ), pater Hannibalis, fuit vir publicus, dux Punicus, et conditor Barcidarum generis. In these conflicts, Hamilcar had switched Carthage from a naval power to a land power with great success, and he firmly established the Barcid family as the ruling house of Carthage. Long-time rivals Hamilcar and Hanno could not agree on the best strategy and eventually the army was permitted to choose which general should lead them. His grandson, Hanno, was an important commander in the army of his son Hannibal. He divided his army: Hannibal took half of the soldiers and camped to the north of Tunis, while Hamilcar camped to the south, thus hemming in Matho's army in Tunis. Hamilcar simply replied that he was fighting to gather enough booty to pay off the war indemnity. [58] Hamilcar unleashed his trap as the disorderly rebels closed on his formation. Apr 3, 2011. Our Team Hannibal whose full name is Chenu Bechola Barca was an intelligent warrior of Carthaginian . Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. He employed combined arms tactics, like Alexander and Pyrrhus,[20] and his strategy was similar to the one employed by Quintus Fabius Maximus in the Second Punic War, ironically against Hannibal, the eldest son of Hamilcar Barca, in Italy during 217 BC. Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. Carthage will ransom all Punic prisoners, while all Roman prisoners would be freed without payment of ransom. "Hamilcar Barca." Spendius and Matho were joined by a force commanded by a Libyan chief named Zarzas, and the 50,000 strong army under Spendius moved away from Carthage. This army was small for leading a sortie against the stronger rebel forces, especially to lead into a pitched battle. While Hamilcar campaigned in Iberia, Rome was entangled in Sardinia, Corsica and Liguria, where the natives had put up stiff resistance against Roman occupation campaigns had been fought in these areas between 236 231 BC to retain and expand Roman dominion. Hamilcar Capital is currently advising its consortium of selected investors in transactions across various sectors such as construction, logistics, agro business, leisure & tourism, real estate and infrastructure spread throughout Botswana, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya. The Romans responded by blockading Hamilcar, but he seems to have been able to break out regularly and continue his guerrilla tactics. The rebels, under Spendius and Matho, were joined by 70,000 African subjects of Carthage. [18] With a small force and no money to hire new troops, Hamilcar's strategic goal probably was to maintain a stalemate, as he had neither the resources to win the war nor the authority to peacefully settle it. In respect of individual courage the Romans were far superior, but the general who must be acknowledged as the greatest on either side, both in daring and in genius, was . He then landed on the north coast of Sicily, seizing Mt. Sicily had been the principal battleground but had yet to see a decisive victory for either side. They managed to take over all Punic territories in Sardinia. Rebel leaders feared mass desertions might result because of Hamilcar's policy towards prisoners. After the siege of Helice and betrayed by local allies, Hamilcar retreated and drowned while crossing a river in the winter of 229/228 BCE. Roman occupation of Sardinia, and then Corsica, indicated the untrustworthiness of Romans and their willingness to meddle when they saw fit regardless of treaties between the powers. No. The town, called Helike, is commonly identified with Elche, but given that it is situated close to Hamilcar's base at Akra Leuke from which he could readily draw reinforcement, it cannot be the place where the following events unfolded. [122] By the power of his personal influence among the mercenaries and the surrounding African peoples, superior strategy and some luck, as well as cooperation, if unenthusiastic, from Hanno the Great, Hamilcar crushed the revolt by 237 BC amid a war marked with cruel atrocities from both sides.[123]. [99] Iberian and Celtiberian tribes were not under any unified leadership at this time and were warlike, although some had absorbed varying degrees of Greek and Punic cultural influence. The success of Hamilcar and his family in Spain, which rebuilt Carthaginian finances and created a standing army, giving Carthage the means to resist Rome. Hamilcar offered to allow all the rebels to depart freely with a single garment, but retained the right to detain 10 persons. In fact, when we were filing this paper's 'Bush Telegraph' column from safari camps all over . Accordingly, Hamilcar Barca was dispatched in 237 BCE to expand Carthaginian territory, which he did, establishing his base at Gades (Cadiz) and founding a new city of Acra Leuce. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. [1], The cognomen or epithet BRQ () means "thunderbolt" or "shining". The Undefeated army now created a unique problem for Carthage. Carthage sent an expedition to Sardinia under Hanno, but this force killed their officers and joined the rebels. Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage (present-day Tunisia) in approximately 247 B.C. The Romans rejected these terms and appointed ten commissioners, led by Quantius Lutatius Cerco, brother of the consul and himself consul in 240 BC, to reexamine the conditions. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, The Carthaginian army was caught in a pincer movement; Hamilcar pretended to retreat, and Spendius likely attempted to trap the outnumbered Carthaginians against the river with his two forces, pinning them with one and out-flanking them with the other. According to Cornelius Nepot, "he provided the whole of Africa with horses, weapons, and money". Their choice to minimize the Sicilian operations while Hamilcar was in command, reduce the navy and support Hanno the Great's conquests in Africa, all of which were causes for the ultimate defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. As a primarily mounted general in Evony, Hamilcar Barca has mounted buffs of 20% in total when all specialties are maxed out. ". At this point, the Carthaginian senate reinstated Hanno and forced Hamilcar to share command. According to Polybius, the causes of the Second Punic war were as follows: Based on this, and Hannibal's oath, some historians infer that Hamilcar's post-Mercenary War activities were aimed at eventual war with Rome, which was inherited by his sons, and some further suggested that Hamilcar devised the strategy of invading Italy by crossing the Alps as well as Hannibal's battle tactics. The name Hamilcar (Punic-Phoenician mlqrt, "brother of Melqart") was a common name for Carthaginian men. The rebel army was starved of supplies and eventually sought to surrender. [16] As a result, Hamilcar was given a fairly small army and the Carthaginian fleet was gradually withdrawn; Carthage put most of its ships into reserve to save money and free up manpower,[12][13] so by 242 BC, Carthage had no ships to speak of in Sicily.[17]. Hamilcar Barca / ( hmlk bk, hmlk) / noun died ?228 bc, Carthaginian general; father of Hannibal. (The origins of Carthage go back to the city of Tabarka, present-day Tunisia). If he had lived in the United . [39], This treaty replaced all previous treaties between the two powers. Coin minted at Carthagena C.230 BC, showing the bearded head of Melqart, generally regarded as a portrait of Hamilcar Barca. The difference was that Fabius commanded a numerically superior army to his opponent, had no supply problems, and had room to manoeuvre, while Hamilcar was mostly static, had a far smaller army than the Romans and was dependent on seaborne supplies from Carthage. He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. [63] The people's assembly chose Hannibal of Paropos, son of another Hamilcar and a veteran of the First Punic War as Hamilcar's deputy. Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 198. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. Hamilcar had managed to persuade the Numidian prince Naravas to defect with his cavalry force to the Carthaginian side, lured by the promise of Hamilcar's daughter for his wife. Hannibal son of Hamilcar Barca was an African in the sense that he was born in Africa, but he was relative light-skinned, the same way that Tunisians are today. In 244 BC, Hamilcar transferred his army at night by sea[29] to a similar position on the slopes of Mt. The riches from these campaigns were channelled back to Carthage. [89] Hasdrubal the Fair and Hannibal, then a child of nine, accompanied Hamilcar; it is not known who led Hamilcar's supporters in Carthage in the absence of Hamilcar and Hasdrubal. [111] The Romans withdrew and did not bother the Carthaginians in Spain until 226 BC. To forestall any such event, rebels committed an act of cruelty unpardonable by Carthage. Poirson5.gif 449 637; 129 KB. They had remained in power throughout the Mercenary War and had advocated Hanno's position over Hamilcar's more than once. He supplemented his original force of some 25,000 with local recruits and amassed a 50,000-strong army which included a corps of Numidian cavalry (supplied by Prince Naravas) and 100 elephants. The expelled mercenaries took refuge in Italy and again requested Rome to take over Sardinia. Finally, when the Carthaginian Senate was unable to decide between Hamilcar and Hanno, the people's assembly left it to the army to decide on their Commander in Chief, and Hamilcar Barca was elected to sole command. Elsewhere, things did not go so well. Having secured control over the mines, and the river routes of Guadalquiver and Guadalete giving access to the mining area, Gades began to mint silver coins from 237 BC. In the same year, both Hippacra and Utica joined the rebels. Hamilcar broke off the second siege of Carthage by Mathos and headed inland where a rebel army awaited him. [68] Hamilcar retreated north near the mouth of the Bagradas River, while Matho crucified his prisoners on the same crosses Hamilcar had used to crucify the rebel leaders, then retreated out of Tunis and moved south. ; mortuus anno 228 a.C.n. Hamilcar Barca Conquers Iberia Hamilcar Barca had received much of the blame for causing the Truceless War, owing to the unrealistic promises he made to his troops while leading Carthaginian forces in Sicily. Rome, which had dealt with Carthage with all due honor and courtesy during the crisis, going as far as to release all Punic prisoners without ransom and refuse to accept offers from Utica and Rebels mercenaries based in Sardinia to incorporate these territories into the Roman domain, seized Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay 1,200 talents for her initial refusal to renounce her claim over the islands. Geiger Richrd - grg npek Hamilkr karthgi kirly az oltrnl megli magt.jpg 690 1,027; 177 KB. He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. [57] As the two rebel forces came into clear sight the Carthaginians wheeled, and marched away. 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