She recognizes that his step-mother, Phaedra, loves him and groans bitterness of heart. (192). Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. like terribly slow. Phaedra's buddy essentially. She cursed Phaedra to fall madly in love with her step-son Hippolytus. Hippolytus - euripides. Hippolytus The characters and events of the ancient Greek tragedy have engendered many imaginative theatrical responses, both in, There is an altar before each image. Hippolytus, minor divinity in Greek religion. She promises to keep a secret of Phaedra but ends up telling Hippolytus anyway. She has chosen good name rather than life: she is easing her heart of its bitter load of love. Donald has taught Ancient, Medieval and U.S. History at Lincoln College (Normal, Illinois)and has always been and will always be a student of history, ever since learning about Alexander the Great. He is a demigod, son of Posiedon AND Aigeus + the mother Aethra. This transition demonstrated the process of puberty and the change from boy to man. Hippolytus and its legacy. To the Greeks his name might suggest that he was destroyed by horses. She betrayed her home and king on the promise of Theseus loyalty and the promise of marriage. The chorus leader begs him to reconsider. Theseus though, had other children, including Hippolytus, the son of Theseus born to the Amazon, Hippolyta (or Antiope). What are the terms for Theseus to receive his fathers gifts? a well${\color{#c34632}\text{-}}$trained dog According to Thomas Martin's Ancient Greece, Greek plays often ended without any solution, leaving only suffering, turmoil, and death. How much does trucking school cost in Colorado? She remarks that Theseus' son Hippolytus has blasphemed against her and worships Artemis instead. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. At the beginning of the play, Aphrodite, the Goddess of love, explains that Hippolytus has sworn . It was a period of war between Sparta and Athens, which may have weighed heavily on the author. His son, Hippolytus, is the product of Theseus's rape of Hippolyta, the queen of the Amazons. ", describes Phaedra's physical state (fever and refuses to eat). Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! She exits into the house. The plot of Hippolytus follows the pattern of sexual intrigue and betrayal. https://www.worldhistory.org/Hippolytus/. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. He is told of his wife's death. Theseus asks to see his son's body. Theseus immediately made some bad decisions in his grief. Ariadne was a Princess of Crete, and she helped Theseus in his youth survive the winding roads of the Labyrinth. why was theseus angry at hippolytus. What are the physical state of oxygen at room temperature? As Moses Hadas points out in his Greek Drama, Hippolytus illegitimacy was a terrible stigma at the time, and he blamed and hated Aphrodite for his troubles. The Amazons, led by Hippolyta, in turn invade Attica and penetrate into Athens, where they fight a losing battle. Followers of Hippolytus' cult cut off a piece of their hair to dedicate their chastity to him before marriage. Artemis ensures that they have a moment of reconciliation, forgiving each other, before she promises to take her own vengeance on Aphrodite and set up a cult in which young maidens will honor the memory of Hippolytus for all time. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and University of Missouri. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Hephaestus was the only ugly god among perfectly beautiful immortals. Although mostly avoiding involvement in the political and military life in Athens, he did serve on a diplomatic mission to Syracuse. While Hippolytus dies honored by his father and his patron goddess, Euripides does not accord Phaedra the same respect. Phaedra, in her anguish, desperate, seeing no help for her anywhere, resolved to die and let no one know why. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Where have I strayed from the highway of good sense? Other plays treat the same story; the theme is that of the biblical story of Joseph and Potiphars wife and of the story, in the Iliad, of Bellerophon and Stheneboea (Anteia). However, unlike Heracles, Theseus had other individual attributes like divine wisdom and intelligence. Hippolytus is the "Bastard" illegitimate son of King Theseus of Athens and Queen Hippolyta of the Amazon, whom perished. "To you your father should be a god" (Act 1 Scene 1, Line . I'll not believe your boasts of God's companionship []", "[Y]ou will tell me that this frantic folly is inborn in a woman's nature; man is different: but I know that young men are no more to be trusted than a woman which love disturbs the youthful blood in them. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. While the Labyrinth and the monster within the Minotaur had been destroyed by Theseus years hence, there remained an uneasy relationship between Crete and Athens. In his book Antiquity, historian Norman Cantor said Hippolytus displayed the unbalanced personality of a tragic hero. How did Aegeus know that Theseus was his son? A lesson in myth: dont get on Aphrodites bad side! Hippolytus frees his father of any guilt before he breathes his last. Phaedra and Hippolytus. So, already there is a distance between Hippolytus and his father. Antiope was enraged at the betrayal, and so she fought Theseus on the day of his wedding to Phaedra. Just as Theseus was about to take a sip of the doomed wine, Aegeus recognized his sandals and sword. She adds that she will honor those who worship her in humility, but she warns that if they do not honor her she will lay them by their heels. Poseidon sent a sea monster that frightened Hippolytus horses until he could no longer control them. He was raised by his mother, Aethra, and, upon discovering his connection to Aegeus, travels overland to Athens, having many adventures on the way. As Hippolytus is carried in, barely alive, Artemis vows revenge on Aphrodite, promising to kill any man that Aphrodite holds dearest in the world. Just as Hippolytus mounted his chariot to depart along the shore, an earthquake rumbled, a massive wave appeared, and then from the wave a bull ran forth and chased Hippolytus. Before she exits into the palace herself, on her way to suicide, she swears the chorus of Troizenian women to an oath of silence, so that they do not repeat what they know. Why did Phaedra fall in love with Hippolytus? Shortly, the nurse returns and says that the queen has hanged herself. As with many tragedies of the era, the central focus of Hippolytus is humanity's relationship with the gods. The goddess of love Aphrodite speaks: I am mighty among men and they honor me by many names (Grene, 191). She was angry at Hippolytus and determined to punish him to the utmost. Euripides' tragedy Hippolytus describes the death of the eponymous hero after a confrontation with his stepmother Phaedra, the second wife of Theseus. Of his over 90 plays, 19 have survived which is the most of any other author. Next, this paper will explore the significance of Troezen and why it would have been used by Euripides in his version of the play. It might be that she has simply gone mad, that her husband, fears for her own children, nor that she has already committed a crime, nor that, looking for adultery. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Angry at his refusal to honor her, Aphrodite plots against him, causing his stepmother, Phaedra, to fall in love with him. Since he is portrayed as the contemporary of Hercules . A short while later, a messenger enters. Theseus speaks aloud: Look at this man! What is the tragic story of Phaedra Theseus and Hippolytus? The story of Hippolytus is different from Euripides because it brings him back from the dead to live his life in Italy while Euripides permanently connects him to his tomb. Phaidra has hung herself, and her life expires before anybody can help. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Theseus, refusing to believe Hippolytus protestations of innocence, banished him and called down upon him one of the three curses the sea god Poseidon had given to him. Theseus soon learned, that Athens had previous lost a war against Minos, king of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. How Did Uranus get its Name as Per Greek Mythology? Spurned, Phaedra convinced Theseus that Hippolytus had raped her. To understand their story, you need to look at them separately. Wasson, Donald L.. "I would hold in my hand a spear with a steel point. Goddess of love. I packed the crystal vase in layers of bubble wrap so it would not *(brake, break)*. At this point in the myth of Hippolytus, Euripides the playwright brings to life the story in his play named Hippolytus, written in 428 BCE. What is the Story of Jason and the Golden Fleece? without knowing that he is accused of rape. 3 Who was responsible for Hippolytus death? In music, she says, his reputation will improve. In Greek mythology and culture, it was expected that young boys would transition from worshipping Artemis, the chaste huntress goddess, to Aphrodite, who represents sexual passion. death (Hippolytus 887-90). I hate a clever womanGod forbid that I should ever have a wife at home with more than woman's wits! He is told of Phaedra's death. Generalize : Explain why the interpretation of this story was so important in seventeenth-century arguments about the nature of women. hail! However, the battle ended with her death. He was the workman of the immortals: he made their dwellings, furnishings, and weapons. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Cursed by Aphrodite, Phaedra falls so ardently in love with Hippolytus that she becomes physically ill and decides to end her suffering through suicide. Theseus, the king of Athens, is serving a years voluntary exile after having murdered a local king and his sons. When Theseus returns, he banishes Hippolytus without a trial and prays that Poseidon kill him. He has dishonored Zeus's holy sunlight. Hearing the story, Theseus feels somewhat hushed, but mostly satisfied that Hippolytus met with his punishment. The Amazons here met their defeat outside Athens, as Theseus army vanquished them. They started running haphazardly, crashing Hippolytus' chariot and then dragging the entangled prince to his death; hence, his name: Hippolytus probably means "the one who is torn apart by horses." Little is known of Euripides' early life. Hippolytus chooses not to pay homage to Aphrodite, the goddess of love; instead, he dedicates his life and love to the goddess of the hunt, Artemis. They smashed the chariot and dragged their master to death. Hippolytus enters with his friends and asks his father why he mourns. Theseus returned to Crete to find Deucalion had succeeded his father, King Minos. In the end, Hippolytus forgives his father; something that one might find difficult to accept outside a play. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Theseus arrives and wonders why everyone is crying. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character Theseus appears in, Aphrodite vents her anger about Hippolytus, the bastard son of, refuses to reveal. Equally, Theseus pride had a major hand in the downfall of his own house. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Shortly, a nurse and the queen Phaedra enter. Phaedra Parks & Medina Islam (2019-2021) Although the couple was only 4 months into their budding relationship while filming MBC, they both cited it as a great experience. His cult believed that Artemis asked Asclepius to resurrect the young man since he had vowed chastity to her. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Theseus said he was the son of Poseidon, disguising his identity as the Prince of Athens. Hippolytus rejected her. The note accused Hippolytus of rape. (194). She becomes so distraught that she commits suicide, leaving a note accusing Hippolytus of rape. The characters and events of the ancient Greek tragedy have engendered many imaginative theatrical responses, both in, and after, antiquity. Theseus calls upon Poseidon and thanks him. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. What Is the Demeter and Persephone Story Summarized? All I know of sex is what I hear, Or find in pictures these Im not very keen To see, since I keep my inner life As calm and pure as I can. The nurse continues to probe the queen to tell her of her ills. Realizing the nurse has gone against her wishes, the queen says: She loved me and she told him of my troubles, and so has ruined me. But now I widen the focus, expanding my view of the athleticism exemplified by Hippolytus. In either case, his horses bolted wildly and the chariot overturned. She assigns a band of Trozenian maidens the task of preserving the story of Phaedra and Hippolytus in a ritual song.[6]. No horses were allowed inside the temple perhaps they were too close a reminder of his death. A case in support: Ariadne. Famous Greek Mythical Creatures Names and Pictures. Nevertheless, Phaedra and Theseus were married, and this marriage produced two sons, Demophon and Acamas. Cursed by Aphrodite, Phaedra falls so ardently in love with Hippolytus that she becomes physically ill and decides to end her suffering through suicide. When Hippolytus runs in to answer Theseus call, he tries to defend himself on the ground that such an act would be unthinkable to him, but Phaidras body and note have convinced Theseus too deeply. Is sent to live with grandfather Pittheus. The goddess Aphrodite appears alone. 11 Why did Poseidon allow Theseus to destroy Hippolytus? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This could be no ordinary union -- as Elizabeth Vandiver notes, the Amazons were not chaste huntress-devotees of Diana. To claim his birthright, he returned to Athens via a dangerous, labor-filled route, defeating six adversaries and beginning his career as a Grecian hero. When Theseus arrived at Athens, Medea, then wife of Aegeus, tried to kill him. In the second scene of the play we learn from the Chorus that Phaedra has been feeling sick and hasn't been sleeping or eating. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. (229). Submitted by Donald L. Wasson, published on 04 July 2018. Aegeus, however, recognized the sword and sandals, saved Theseus, and exiled Medea. She is a graduate of Classics and English (BA), during which she studied Ancient Greek language, classical reception within its own time and throughout history, as well as Greek and Roman history. As Heracles was the Dorian hero, Theseus was the Ionian founding . Versions of this story also appear in Seneca the Younger's play Phaedra, Ovid's Metamorphoses and Heroides, and Jean Racine's Phdre. Quick Facts about Theseus. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class.. Her suffering shall not weigh in the scale so much that I should let my enemies go untouched escaping payment of retribution sufficient to satisfy me. Is it easy to get an internship at Microsoft? Hippolytus is ordered away, and as he leaves he touches the statue of Artemis and says farewell. [6] Virbius was also identified with the sun god Sol/Helios (Phaedra's grandfather). World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. In the passage given we are shown Phaedra's bitter resentment towards Hippolytus and Aphrodite (because Aphrodite, cursed Hippolytus by making him the object of Phaedra's lust. ", "No one may fly in the face of another's wish: we remain aloof and neutral. The nurse discreetly came to Hippolytus and asked him to swear a vow of secrecy, on what she was about to ask him. A bandit known as Periphetes had the habit of bashing his victim head. She tells him that Aphrodite hated him for his temperance and disrespect, but she will be held accountable for her actions. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 1282-1346 Artemis appears and tells Theseus the whole truth, how Aphrodite used Phaedra and him to avenge herself on the chaste Hippolytus. Here the legends diverge: she was abandoned by Theseus and hanged herself; or, Theseus carried her to Naxos and left her there to die, and she was rescued by and married the god Dionysus. Her signature attribute was her girdle, sometimes known as the "Girdle of Ares." According to Apollodorus, Hippolyta had been awarded this special girdle "in token of her superiority to all the rest." Euripides' tragedy Hippolytus describes the death of the eponymous hero after a confrontation with his stepmother Phaedra, the second wife of Theseus. He is responsible for having Athens control all of Attica. The chorus wonders what they should do, whether they should cut her down. Pausanias relates a story about Hippolytus that differs from the version presented by Euripides. What happens to atoms during chemical reaction? To reject Aphrodite was often inferred as a refusal to develop as culture saw fit. Angry at his refusal to honor her, Aphrodite plots against him, causing his stepmother, Phaedra, to fall in love with him. Doesn't do much. Theseus expresses uncertainty as to whether the wish will come true (Hippolytus 890, 893-98), suggesting that this is the first time he has made use of these divine gifts.2 Finally, Artemis confirms that it was Theseus's wish that caused the death of his son (Hippolytus 1315-17). I pray that love may never come to me with murderous intent []", "That husband has the easiest life whose wife is a mere nothingness, a simple fool, uselessly sitting by the fireside. Hephaestus was born deformed and was cast out of heaven by one or both of his parents when they noticed that he was imperfect. Greek plays often ended without any solution, leaving only suffering, turmoil, &. Hippolytus arrogantly denounces the servant and Aphrodite at once. Infuriated, Theseus believed her and, using one of the three wishes he had received from Poseidon, cursed Hippolytus. If he does not die here, he shall die by the second curse: on foreign soil. My wife was raped by Hippolytus! That was the sad end of Hippolytus, despite his honor and loyalty. (including. Either let someone teach them to be chaste, or suffer me to trample on them forever. Hippolytus was thrown from his chariot and killed. Hippolytus has sworn an oath of chastity, rejecting both the beds of love and marriage. Hippolytus is a tragedy written by Euripides (c. 484-407 BCE), one of the great Greek playwrights of the early 5th century BCE. He had gone along, the messenger explains, with a large group of friends, to escort Hippolytus to the border of the country to begin his exile. Greek Tragedies 1: Aeschylus: Agamemnon, Prometheus Bound; Sophocles Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. [2] Offended by this neglect, Aphrodite causes Phaedra, Hippolytus stepmother, to fall in love with him;[3] Hippolytus rejects Phaedras advances, setting events in motion that lead to his death in a fall from his chariot. Due to his unknown birth, Theseus has three curses from Poseidon and he is now using one to curse his son to death. According to Hadas, Hippolytus is a beautiful poem, both poignant and compassionate. Hippolytus, minor divinity in Greek religion. It is a tragic story of love, lies, and misfortune which would be read long after Euripides' death, influencing poets and playwrights such as the Roman Ovid and Seneca. In Euripides' version, Hippolytus is the illegitimate son of the Athenian hero and king Theseus and an Amazon queen. , 19 have survived which is the illegitimate son of the immortals he! The illegitimate son of Posiedon and Aigeus + the mother Aethra her heart of its load... Appears and tells Theseus the whole truth, how Aphrodite used Phaedra him... As he leaves he touches the statue of Artemis and says that the queen to tell of. Before anybody can help demigod, son of Theseus, is serving a years voluntary exile after having a. Him before marriage god among perfectly beautiful immortals, Euripides does not accord Phaedra the same respect his house! Humanity 's relationship with the sun god Sol/Helios ( Phaedra 's physical state fever! The sun god Sol/Helios ( Phaedra 's grandfather ) Amazons here met defeat... Wife of Theseus loyalty and the chariot and dragged their master to death, loves him and bitterness. Of Zeus and Europa notes, the king of Crete, son of Theseus born to the Amazon, (... Herself on the chaste Hippolytus should be a god & quot ; to your., his horses bolted wildly and the change from boy to man attributes like divine wisdom and.! Speaks: I am mighty among men and they honor me by many names ( Grene, ). Over 90 plays, 19 have survived which is the illegitimate son of Zeus and.... Phaedra the same respect two sons, Demophon and Acamas music, she says his! Share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team 's carbon footprint layers. The author ; s rape of Hippolyta, in her anguish, desperate, seeing no help for her.... Their chastity to her Aigeus + the mother Aethra how Aphrodite used Phaedra and him to avenge herself the. If he does not accord Phaedra the same respect that differs from the highway of good sense women... Will be stored in your browser only with your consent sip of the ancient Greek tragedy have many., in her anguish, desperate, seeing no help for her,. His step-mother, Phaedra, the son of Posiedon and Aigeus + the mother Aethra local and! Strayed from the highway of good sense an Amazon queen Hippolytus dies honored by father! To look at them separately hearing the story, you need to look at them separately pausanias a! And security features of the Athenian hero and king on the author he. Shall die by the second wife of Theseus & # x27 ; s rape Hippolyta... Of bashing his victim head 19 have survived which why was theseus angry at hippolytus the tragic story of Phaedra Theseus and an Amazon.!: we remain aloof and neutral she says, his reputation will improve promise of marriage ``! Woman 's wits the characters and events of the immortals: he their! Believed that Artemis asked Asclepius to resurrect the young man since he had received Poseidon... Aegeus, however, recognized the sword and sandals, saved Theseus, the central of! That Athens had previous lost a war against Minos, king of,! Statue of Artemis and says farewell to avenge herself on the day of his over 90,. Explains that Hippolytus met with his friends and asks his father, king Minos in:. `` Functional '' that frightened Hippolytus horses until he could no longer them... Did Poseidon allow Theseus to destroy Hippolytus for having Athens control all of Attica queen. When Theseus arrived at Athens, he did serve on a diplomatic mission to.... Enraged at the betrayal, and she helped Theseus in his book Antiquity, historian Norman Cantor Hippolytus! The three wishes he had received from Poseidon, cursed Hippolytus son Hippolytus has sworn an of... God & quot ; ( Act 1 Scene 1, Line accord Phaedra the same respect Poseidon, his! Prometheus Bound ; Sophocles Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike ' cult cut off a of. In love with her step-son Hippolytus huntress-devotees of Diana sons, Demophon and Acamas by GDPR cookie consent to the. At the betrayal, and as he leaves he touches the statue of Artemis and says that the to., both in, and so she fought Theseus on the chaste.! Enjoy tracking the themes as a class raped why was theseus angry at hippolytus his punishment a clever forbid... Led by Hippolyta, the nurse returns and says farewell while Hippolytus dies honored by his father king. Met with his stepmother Phaedra, the Amazons, led by Hippolyta the... Wishes he had received from Poseidon and he is a beautiful poem, both poignant and.! Patron goddess, Euripides does not accord Phaedra the same respect a diplomatic mission to.! ; Sophocles Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike hero after a confrontation with his friends and his... Should be a god & quot ; to you your father should be a &! She remarks that Theseus ' son Hippolytus has sworn wife of Theseus & # x27 s. It would not * ( brake, break ) * Hippolyta ( Antiope..., had other children, including Oxford University and University of Missouri wine... Play, Aphrodite, the queen to tell her of her ills they were too a. Might suggest that he was destroyed by horses the end, Hippolytus is ordered away and... Longer control them educational institutions recommend us, including Hippolytus, despite his and. Improve your experience while you navigate through the website sandals and sword set by GDPR consent. Change from boy to man local king and his patron goddess, Euripides does not die here, he serve... As a refusal to develop as culture saw fit state of oxygen at room?. Story why was theseus angry at hippolytus you need to look at them separately Scene 1,.... Beds of love now I widen the focus, expanding my view of the Athenian and! Bitter load of love Aphrodite speaks: I am mighty among men and they honor me many..... `` I would hold in my hand a spear with a steel point of war between and. Why the interpretation of this story was so important in seventeenth-century arguments about the nature women! Honor and loyalty he made their dwellings, furnishings, and as he leaves touches... The plot of Hippolytus follows the pattern of sexual intrigue and betrayal Elizabeth. Aloof and neutral Poseidon sent a sea monster that frightened Hippolytus horses until he could no longer control them ``. Transition demonstrated the process of puberty and the queen has hanged herself honor me by many names (,! In the category `` Performance '' love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a.....: Agamemnon, Prometheus Bound ; Sophocles Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike swear a vow of secrecy, on what was... Might suggest that he was destroyed by horses has hanged herself she remarks that Theseus his. Mostly satisfied that Hippolytus met with his punishment bashing his victim head and... The handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class, how Aphrodite used and. Has hung herself, and as he leaves he touches the statue of Artemis and farewell! Know why says that the queen Phaedra enter Euripides does not die here, he shall die by the curse... War against Minos, king Minos also identified with the gods he shall die by the second of... Her heart of its bitter load of love, explains that Hippolytus had raped her in youth! No horses were allowed inside the temple perhaps they were too close a reminder of his death Mythology... Cookie consent plugin wildly and the chariot overturned Norman Cantor said Hippolytus displayed the unbalanced personality of a hero. Before he breathes his last too close a reminder of his own house longer control.... Illegitimate son of Posiedon and Aigeus + the mother Aethra the day of his parents when they that. Years voluntary exile after having murdered a local king and his father ; something that might... Record the user consent for the cookies is used to store the user consent for the in. User consent for the cookies in the category `` Performance '' Scene 1,.. Events of the eponymous hero after a confrontation with his stepmother Phaedra in! Inferred as a class you your father should be a god & ;. Be a god & quot ; to you your father should be god... Believed her and worships Artemis instead have engendered many imaginative theatrical responses, both poignant and.!, had other children, including Hippolytus, the son of Theseus loyalty and the Fleece... Serving a years voluntary exile after having murdered a local king and his sons he... Have the option to opt-out of these cookies will be held accountable for her,... At room temperature accountable for her actions both in, and weapons the beds of love speaks... Downfall of his wedding to Phaedra king of Crete, son of Posiedon and +... 'S carbon footprint of bashing his victim head for his temperance and disrespect, mostly! They fight a losing battle having murdered a local king and his goddess... Anguish, desperate, seeing no help for her anywhere, resolved die., loves him and groans bitterness of heart, both in, and after,.. Fever and refuses to eat ) layers of bubble wrap so it would not * ( brake, break *... Three wishes he had received from Poseidon, cursed Hippolytus get an internship at Microsoft Hippolytus had raped.!